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1 political involvement
Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > political involvement
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2 political involvement
соц. политическая вовлеченность (зависимость человека от существующих социально-политических структур и окружающего их морально-психологического климата; одна из характеристик процесса осуществления политической, экономической, но в первую очередь художественной деятельности; смысл термина наиболее полно сформулирован Ж. П. Сартром; зависимость человека от общества — факт, известный подавляющему большинству социальных мыслителей; Сартр обогатил социологическую интерпретацию феномена вовлеченности философской — в духе экзистенциализма — и психоаналитической; параллельно с Сартром идею вовлеченности как причастности христианизирующемуся социуму обосновывал Э. Мунье; вовлеченность, по Сартру, — качество, производное от заброшенности человека в мир, от иногда противных его воле, но неустранимых связей с социумом (при этом человек, по сути, является вместилищем только свободы, а общество — только отчуждения); политическая вовлеченность — неустранимая характеристика деятельности идеологов и в меньшей мере социальных аналитиков, политиков и, конечно же, художников; на примере наиболее последовательного из них, Г.Флобера, Сартр показывал принципиальную невозможность "башни из слоновой кости"; он признавал, что литература должна "не созерцать мир, а его переделывать", оценивать, как происходит "самосозидание человека с помощью истории, внутри истории и для истории"; лишь после Сартра термин "вовлеченность" начал активно использоваться в политологических и политико-психологических исследованиях; леворадикальные социальные мыслители трактовали вовлеченность как чувство дрейфа, попадания в поток неконтролируемых событий, из которого можно выйти лишь через тотальное отрицание, идею полного преобразования косной деятельности)Syn:See: -
3 political involvement
מעורבות פוליטית (היות חלק מהפוליטיקה, גילוי עניין במתרחש בזירה הפוליטית)* * *◙ (תיטילופה הריזב שחרתמב ןיינע יוליג,הקיטילופהמ קלח תויה) תיטילופ תוברועמ◄ -
4 political involvement
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5 political involvement
politieke betrokkenheid (het zeer betrokken zijn in de politiek) -
6 political involvement
politisk inblandning (inblandning i politiska ärenden, intresse för politiska affärer) -
7 political
прил.1) политическийSee:political activity, political adventurism, political anthropology, political apathy, political arena, political arithmetic, political astrology, political asylum, political attitude, political authority, political autonomy, political awareness, political behaviour, political behaviouralism, political bureau, political bureaucracy, political business cycle, political center, political centre, political centrism, political class, political cleavage, political clique, political collective unconsciousness, political confidence, political conflict, political consciousness, political conservatism, political conspiracy, political correctness, political corruption, political credit risk, political culture, political cybernetics, political cycle, political democracy, political determinism, political development, political drift, political economy, political education, political elite, political emblems, political engagement, political environment, political family, political figure, political finance, political forecasting, political freedom, political fund, political game, political geography, political globalization, political history, political ideology, political inactivity, political indoctrination, political inflation, political integration, political involvement, political leader, political leadership, political legitimacy, political leverage, political man, political manipulation, political market, political marketing, political martyr, political martyrdom, political mobilization, political modernization, political mood, political movement, political myth, political mythology, political negativism, political obstruction, political organization, political participation, political party, political passivity, political philosophy, political police, political power, political powers, political pragmatism, political prediction, political pressure, political priorities, political process, political prognostication, political propaganda, political psychology, political rationalism, political rationality, political reaction, political realism, political regime, political rehabilitation, political relations, political representation, political rhetoric, political right, political risk, political ritual, political romanticism, political science, political scientists, political sectarianism, political self-consciousness, political sight, political situation, political socialization, political society, political sociology, political space, political sphere, political stability, political strategy, political strike, political surveillance, political symbols, political system, political tactics, political technology, political theory, political thought, political time, political tolerance, political utopia, political values, political broker, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 20002) гос. упр. государственныйSee:3) пол. связанный с политикой определенной партии; узкопартийныйSee: -
8 political engagement
соц. политическая ангажированность [вовлеченность\]Syn:See: -
9 liberation theology (In late 20th-century Roman Catholicism, a movement centred in Latin America that sought to apply religious faith by aiding the poor and oppressed through involvement in political and civic affairs)
Религия: теология освобожденияУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > liberation theology (In late 20th-century Roman Catholicism, a movement centred in Latin America that sought to apply religious faith by aiding the poor and oppressed through involvement in political and civic affairs)
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10 Sartre, Jean-Paul
перс.фил., пол. Сартр, Жан-Поль (1905-1980; французский писатель, философ и публицист, глава французского экзистенциализма; участник Движения Сопротивления; под влиянием Э. Гуссерля и М. Хайдеггера построил "феноменологическую онтологию", в основе которой — противопоставление объективности и субъективности, свободы и необходимости ("Бытие и ничто", 1943); пытался дополнить марксизм экзистенциальной антропологией ("Критика диалектического разума", 1960); основные темы художественных произведений: одиночество, поиск абсолютной свободы, абсурдность бытия; в конце 60-х выступил как идеологи леворадикального экстремизма)See: -
11 empower
empower [ɪm'paʊə(r)]∎ to empower sb to do sth habiliter ou autoriser qn à faire qch∎ to empower sb (emotionally, psychologically) donner à qn les moyens de s'assumer;∎ this form of psychotherapy aims to empower people in their everyday lives ce type de psychothérapie a pour but de permettre aux gens de s'assumer dans leur vie de tous les jours;∎ political involvement can empower minorities l'action politique peut permettre aux minorités de s'émanciper(c) (employee) donner plus d'autonomie à -
12 World War II
(1939-1945)In the European phase of the war, neutral Portugal contributed more to the Allied victory than historians have acknowledged. Portugal experienced severe pressures to compromise her neutrality from both the Axis and Allied powers and, on several occasions, there were efforts to force Portugal to enter the war as a belligerent. Several factors lent Portugal importance as a neutral. This was especially the case during the period from the fall of France in June 1940 to the Allied invasion and reconquest of France from June to August 1944.In four respects, Portugal became briefly a modest strategic asset for the Allies and a war materiel supplier for both sides: the country's location in the southwesternmost corner of the largely German-occupied European continent; being a transport and communication terminus, observation post for spies, and crossroads between Europe, the Atlantic, the Americas, and Africa; Portugal's strategically located Atlantic islands, the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde archipelagos; and having important mines of wolfram or tungsten ore, crucial for the war industry for hardening steel.To maintain strict neutrality, the Estado Novo regime dominated by Antônio de Oliveira Salazar performed a delicate balancing act. Lisbon attempted to please and cater to the interests of both sets of belligerents, but only to the extent that the concessions granted would not threaten Portugal's security or its status as a neutral. On at least two occasions, Portugal's neutrality status was threatened. First, Germany briefly considered invading Portugal and Spain during 1940-41. A second occasion came in 1943 and 1944 as Great Britain, backed by the United States, pressured Portugal to grant war-related concessions that threatened Portugal's status of strict neutrality and would possibly bring Portugal into the war on the Allied side. Nazi Germany's plan ("Operation Felix") to invade the Iberian Peninsula from late 1940 into 1941 was never executed, but the Allies occupied and used several air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands.The second major crisis for Portugal's neutrality came with increasing Allied pressures for concessions from the summer of 1943 to the summer of 1944. Led by Britain, Portugal's oldest ally, Portugal was pressured to grant access to air and naval bases in the Azores Islands. Such bases were necessary to assist the Allies in winning the Battle of the Atlantic, the naval war in which German U-boats continued to destroy Allied shipping. In October 1943, following tedious negotiations, British forces began to operate such bases and, in November 1944, American forces were allowed to enter the islands. Germany protested and made threats, but there was no German attack.Tensions rose again in the spring of 1944, when the Allies demanded that Lisbon cease exporting wolfram to Germany. Salazar grew agitated, considered resigning, and argued that Portugal had made a solemn promise to Germany that wolfram exports would be continued and that Portugal could not break its pledge. The Portuguese ambassador in London concluded that the shipping of wolfram to Germany was "the price of neutrality." Fearing that a still-dangerous Germany could still attack Portugal, Salazar ordered the banning of the mining, sale, and exports of wolfram not only to Germany but to the Allies as of 6 June 1944.Portugal did not enter the war as a belligerent, and its forces did not engage in combat, but some Portuguese experienced directly or indirectly the impact of fighting. Off Portugal or near her Atlantic islands, Portuguese naval personnel or commercial fishermen rescued at sea hundreds of victims of U-boat sinkings of Allied shipping in the Atlantic. German U-boats sank four or five Portuguese merchant vessels as well and, in 1944, a U-boat stopped, boarded, searched, and forced the evacuation of a Portuguese ocean liner, the Serpa Pinto, in mid-Atlantic. Filled with refugees, the liner was not sunk but several passengers lost their lives and the U-boat kidnapped two of the ship's passengers, Portuguese Americans of military age, and interned them in a prison camp. As for involvement in a theater of war, hundreds of inhabitants were killed and wounded in remote East Timor, a Portuguese colony near Indonesia, which was invaded, annexed, and ruled by Japanese forces between February 1942 and August 1945. In other incidents, scores of Allied military planes, out of fuel or damaged in air combat, crashed or were forced to land in neutral Portugal. Air personnel who did not survive such crashes were buried in Portuguese cemeteries or in the English Cemetery, Lisbon.Portugal's peripheral involvement in largely nonbelligerent aspects of the war accelerated social, economic, and political change in Portugal's urban society. It strengthened political opposition to the dictatorship among intellectual and working classes, and it obliged the regime to bolster political repression. The general economic and financial status of Portugal, too, underwent improvements since creditor Britain, in order to purchase wolfram, foods, and other materials needed during the war, became indebted to Portugal. When Britain repaid this debt after the war, Portugal was able to restore and expand its merchant fleet. Unlike most of Europe, ravaged by the worst war in human history, Portugal did not suffer heavy losses of human life, infrastructure, and property. Unlike even her neighbor Spain, badly shaken by its terrible Civil War (1936-39), Portugal's immediate postwar condition was more favorable, especially in urban areas, although deep-seated poverty remained.Portugal experienced other effects, especially during 1939-42, as there was an influx of about a million war refugees, an infestation of foreign spies and other secret agents from 60 secret intelligence services, and the residence of scores of international journalists who came to report the war from Lisbon. There was also the growth of war-related mining (especially wolfram and tin). Portugal's media eagerly reported the war and, by and large, despite government censorship, the Portuguese print media favored the Allied cause. Portugal's standard of living underwent some improvement, although price increases were unpopular.The silent invasion of several thousand foreign spies, in addition to the hiring of many Portuguese as informants and spies, had fascinating outcomes. "Spyland" Portugal, especially when Portugal was a key point for communicating with occupied Europe (1940-44), witnessed some unusual events, and spying for foreigners at least briefly became a national industry. Until mid-1944, when Allied forces invaded France, Portugal was the only secure entry point from across the Atlantic to Europe or to the British Isles, as well as the escape hatch for refugees, spies, defectors, and others fleeing occupied Europe or Vichy-controlled Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. Through Portugal by car, ship, train, or scheduled civil airliner one could travel to and from Spain or to Britain, or one could leave through Portugal, the westernmost continental country of Europe, to seek refuge across the Atlantic in the Americas.The wartime Portuguese scene was a colorful melange of illegal activities, including espionage, the black market, war propaganda, gambling, speculation, currency counterfeiting, diamond and wolfram smuggling, prostitution, and the drug and arms trade, and they were conducted by an unusual cast of characters. These included refugees, some of whom were spies, smugglers, diplomats, and business people, many from foreign countries seeking things they could find only in Portugal: information, affordable food, shelter, and security. German agents who contacted Allied sailors in the port of Lisbon sought to corrupt and neutralize these men and, if possible, recruit them as spies, and British intelligence countered this effort. Britain's MI-6 established a new kind of "safe house" to protect such Allied crews from German espionage and venereal disease infection, an approved and controlled house of prostitution in Lisbon's bairro alto district.Foreign observers and writers were impressed with the exotic, spy-ridden scene in Lisbon, as well as in Estoril on the Sun Coast (Costa do Sol), west of Lisbon harbor. What they observed appeared in noted autobiographical works and novels, some written during and some after the war. Among notable writers and journalists who visited or resided in wartime Portugal were Hungarian writer and former communist Arthur Koestler, on the run from the Nazi's Gestapo; American radio broadcaster-journalist Eric Sevareid; novelist and Hollywood script-writer Frederick Prokosch; American diplomat George Kennan; Rumanian cultural attache and later scholar of mythology Mircea Eliade; and British naval intelligence officer and novelist-to-be Ian Fleming. Other notable visiting British intelligence officers included novelist Graham Greene; secret Soviet agent in MI-6 and future defector to the Soviet Union Harold "Kim" Philby; and writer Malcolm Muggeridge. French letters were represented by French writer and airman, Antoine Saint-Exupery and French playwright, Jean Giroudoux. Finally, Aquilino Ribeiro, one of Portugal's premier contemporary novelists, wrote about wartime Portugal, including one sensational novel, Volframio, which portrayed the profound impact of the exploitation of the mineral wolfram on Portugal's poor, still backward society.In Estoril, Portugal, the idea for the world's most celebrated fictitious spy, James Bond, was probably first conceived by Ian Fleming. Fleming visited Portugal several times after 1939 on Naval Intelligence missions, and later he dreamed up the James Bond character and stories. Background for the early novels in the James Bond series was based in part on people and places Fleming observed in Portugal. A key location in Fleming's first James Bond novel, Casino Royale (1953) is the gambling Casino of Estoril. In addition, one aspect of the main plot, the notion that a spy could invent "secret" intelligence for personal profit, was observed as well by the British novelist and former MI-6 officer, while engaged in operations in wartime Portugal. Greene later used this information in his 1958 spy novel, Our Man in Havana, as he observed enemy agents who fabricated "secrets" for money.Thus, Portugal's World War II experiences introduced the country and her people to a host of new peoples, ideas, products, and influences that altered attitudes and quickened the pace of change in this quiet, largely tradition-bound, isolated country. The 1943-45 connections established during the Allied use of air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands were a prelude to Portugal's postwar membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). -
13 activity
n1) часто pl активность, деятельность; действия, операции ( в определенной области)2) хозяйственная деятельность, производственная деятельность3) pl показатели ( в экономических исследованиях)•to be engaged in an activities — заниматься какой-л. деятельностью
to be involved in an activities — участвовать в какой-л. деятельности
to break off an activities — прекращать какую-л. деятельность
to carry out activities — осуществлять какую-л. деятельность
to coordinate smb's activities — координировать чью-л. деятельность / чьи-л. действия
to combine smb's activities — объединять чьи-л. действия
to conceal one's activities — скрывать свою деятельность
to conduct an activities — заниматься какой-л. деятельностью
to cover up smb's war time activities — прикрывать чью-л. деятельность во время войны
to cut down on one's spying activities — сокращать свою разведывательную деятельность
to engage in an activities — заниматься какой-л. деятельностью
to examine activities — изучать / исследовать деятельность
to expel smb for activities incompatible with his diplomatic status — выдворять кого-л. за деятельность, несовместимую с его дипломатическим статусом
to facilitate operational activities — способствовать / помогать оперативной деятельности
to focus activities on / upon smth — сосредоточить деятельность на чем-л.
to intensify activities — усиливать / повышать активность
to make a contribution to smb's activities — вносить вклад в чью-л. деятельность
to monitor smb's activities — следить за чьей-л. деятельностью
to paralyze smb's activities — парализовать чью-л. деятельность
to participate in an activities — участвовать в какой-л. деятельности
to put a stop to smb's criminal activities — пресекать чью-л. преступную деятельность, положить конец чьим-л. преступным действиям
to restrain / to restrict smb's activities — ограничивать чью-л. деятельность
to set off a flurry of intense negotiation activity — давать толчок лихорадочной переговорной деятельности
to step up one's activities — повышать свою активность; активизировать / усиливать свою деятельность
to take part in an activity — принимать участие в какой-л. деятельности
to terminate an activities — прекращать какую-л. деятельность
to undertake activities — осуществлять деятельность, предпринимать действия
- activity in the marketto widen the range of activities — расширять масштаб / поле деятельности
- activity incompatible with one's diplomatic status
- activity inconsistent with one's diplomatic status
- activity on the international scene
- activities against smb / smth
- advisory activity
- aggregate activities
- aggressive activity
- ancillary activities
- anti-democratic activities
- anti-government activities
- anti-militarist activities
- anti-national activities
- anti-popular activities
- anti-state activities
- area of activity
- backstage activities
- back-stairs activities
- banned activities
- basic activities
- behind-the-scenes activities
- black market activities
- business activity
- civil activity
- clandestine activities
- commercial activities
- competitive activity
- conspiratorial activity
- constant activity
- continuing activity
- continuous activity
- coordination of activities
- counterespionage activities
- covert activities
- criminal activities
- cultural activities
- current activities
- curtailing of military activities
- day-to-day activity
- decline in business activity
- defense activity
- defense industry activity
- defense-generated economic activity
- detraction and pollution of nature through the activities of man
- development activities
- diplomatic activity
- domestic activity
- dominant activity
- duplication of activities
- economic activity
- environmental activity
- escalation of terrorist activities
- espionage activities
- exposure of unlawful activities
- extension of IRA activity to Europe
- factional activities
- family planning activities
- field activities - flurry of diplomatic activities
- follow-up activity
- forecasting activity
- foreign economic activities
- foreign policy activities
- fruitful activity
- full activity
- generalization of the activities
- global activities
- government activities
- government research activities
- growing activity
- guerilla activity
- heightened activity
- high priority activities
- hostile activities
- human rights activity
- humanitarian activities
- ideological activities
- illegal activities
- illicit activity
- industrial activity
- ineffective activities
- information activities
- intellectual activities
- intelligence activities
- intensification of activity
- intensive activity
- interconnected activities
- international activities
- investment activities
- involvement in espionage activities for a country
- know-how activity
- labor activities
- legislative activity
- leisure activity
- leisure-time activity
- level of activities
- long-term activity
- manifestation of activities
- mass communication activities
- military activities
- multifaceted activity
- nationalist activities
- nonmarket activities
- nonprofit activities
- nuclear related activities
- operational activities
- opposition activity
- organizational activities
- parliamentary activities
- peaceful activities
- permitted activities
- political activity
- practical activity
- primary activity
- priority activities
- pro-American activities
- production activity
- productive activity
- professional activity
- profit-making activity
- profit-seeking activity
- program activities
- prohibited activities
- project activities
- promotional activities
- propaganda activities
- provocative activities
- public activities
- public relations activities
- R & D activities
- range of activity
- rebel activities
- recurring activities
- regular government activities
- relaxation of political activities
- renewed activity
- research activities
- research and development activities
- Resistance activities
- revival of activities
- revolutionary activities
- sabotage activities
- scientific activities
- scope of activities
- seat of activities
- secessionist activities
- secondary activities
- service activities
- set of activities
- social and political activity
- space activities
- spate of terrorist activity
- special activities
- speculative activities - statistical data processing activities
- subsequent activity
- subversive activities
- subversive and terrorist activities
- supporting activity
- tactical activities
- take-over activity
- technical assistance activities
- terrorist activities
- time-limited activity
- trading activities
- treatment of economic activity
- undercover activities
- underground activities
- underhand activities
- uninterrupted activity
- union activities
- verification activities
- vigorous activity
- volume of activity
- wartime activities
- work activities
- world business activities -
14 PIP
1) Общая лексика: public investment program2) Компьютерная техника: Plug In Panel, Presence Information Panel, Programmable In Put, Programmable Input Processor3) Медицина: Pharmaceutical Interface Product, Prescription Information Package, peak inspiratory pressure (пиковое давление на вдохе), Physician Information Pack4) Американизм: Partners In Parks, Peace Is Patriotic, People In Power, Permanent Inspection Point, Public Involvement Plan, Public Involvement Project5) Спорт: Player Incentive Program, Players In Progress6) Военный термин: Participant Instrumentation Package, Product Improvement Package, parallel image processing, precise installation position, predicted impact point, predicted intercept point, preliminary information pamphlet, probabilistic information processing, product improvement proposal, program integration plan, project implementation plan, project initiation period, projected impact point, Product Improvement Program (or Plan or Proposal), Мультивидеообработка7) Техника: Pool In Pool, payload integration plan, peak impact pressure, performance indicator program, petroleum incentive program, position indication probe, precise instrument pointing, production injection packer, programmable in-line package, programmable interconnection pattern, programmed interconnection pattern8) Сельское хозяйство: Pesticide Initiative Programme9) Шутливое выражение: Pervy Insane Pornographer, Pointers In Person, Politically Incorrect Party, Pretty In Pink10) Анатомия: proximal interphalangeal11) Юридический термин: Partners In Prevention, Partners In Protection, Personal Interest Partners, Primary Intervention Program12) Торговля: Product Information Package, Информационная Страница о Продукции13) Бухгалтерия: Penalty Interest Payments, Price Interest Percentage, Purchasing Invoice Problem14) Страхование: personal injury protection15) Автомобильный термин: profile ignition pickup signal16) Биржевой термин: Periodic Investment Plan, Personal Interest Plan, Personal Investment Plan, Price Interest Point, price improvement period17) Грубое выражение: Pain In The Posterior, Pretentious Insane Pornographer18) Политика: Political Influence Point19) Телекоммуникации: Pre-Impulsing Pulse20) Сокращение: Pilot Indoctrination Programme, Platform Integration Pilot (UK), Precision Instrumentation Package, Pricing In Proportion (2006, postage fees increased for oversize items), Product Improvement Phase / Programme, Pulse Interval Processor, Peripheral Interchange Program, Programming In Pictures, project implementation process21) Театр: Project For Innovative Poetry22) Физиология: Personal Insulin Pump, Poly Implants Protheses, Present Illness Program, Proximal Interphalangeal Joint23) Электроника: Peak Input Power, Process-induced particles24) Вычислительная техника: Packet Interface Port, Paper Impact Printing, Personal Information Processor, picture-in-a-picture, procedure interrupt positive, сигнал позитивного прерывания процедуры, Picture In Picture (Video), Plug-In Protocol (ZOC)25) Литература: Past International President26) Нефть: production-injection packer, pump-in pressure, Программа стимулирования нефтяной промышленности (Канада, Petroleum Incentive Program), давление нагнетания (pump-in pressure), эксплуатационный нагнетательный пакер (production injection packer)27) Иммунология: Proximal Inter Phalanx28) Банковское дело: коммерческие бумаги с доходом, индексированным относительно курса доллара (performance indexed paper)29) Биотехнология: Инкорпорированные протектанты растений, Procollagen Type I C-peptide, protein interaction platform30) СМИ: Poetry In Progress31) Деловая лексика: People Improving Processes, Performance Improvement Program, Personal Interaction Panel, Pride In Performance, Process Improvement Project, Product Improvement Packages32) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: pipe-in-pipe, push-in pipe (joint)33) Образование: Parent Involvement Program, Parents In Partnership34) Инвестиции: performance indexed paper35) Сетевые технологии: Postel's Internet Protocol, Postels Internet Protocol, Programmable Interconnection Point36) Автоматика: probability information processing, product introduction process37) Сахалин Ю: process industry practices38) Химическое оружие: Process Improvement Plan, personal improvement program39) Расширение файла: Pattern and Information Processing, Picture In Picture, Problem Isolation Procedure, Programmable Interconnect Point40) Нефть и газ: система «труба в трубе», труба в трубе, pump intake pressure41) Печатные платы: pin-in-paste42) Общественная организация: Plant It Project43) Должность: Performance Improvement Plan, Performance Improvement Potential, Performance Incentive Points, Personal Information Processing44) Чат: Put In Place45) Аэропорты: Pilot Point, Alaska USA46) Программное обеспечение: Partner Interface Process47) Единицы измерений: Percent Identity Plot48) Зубная имплантология: pressure indicator paste, паста - индикатор давления -
15 Pip
1) Общая лексика: public investment program2) Компьютерная техника: Plug In Panel, Presence Information Panel, Programmable In Put, Programmable Input Processor3) Медицина: Pharmaceutical Interface Product, Prescription Information Package, peak inspiratory pressure (пиковое давление на вдохе), Physician Information Pack4) Американизм: Partners In Parks, Peace Is Patriotic, People In Power, Permanent Inspection Point, Public Involvement Plan, Public Involvement Project5) Спорт: Player Incentive Program, Players In Progress6) Военный термин: Participant Instrumentation Package, Product Improvement Package, parallel image processing, precise installation position, predicted impact point, predicted intercept point, preliminary information pamphlet, probabilistic information processing, product improvement proposal, program integration plan, project implementation plan, project initiation period, projected impact point, Product Improvement Program (or Plan or Proposal), Мультивидеообработка7) Техника: Pool In Pool, payload integration plan, peak impact pressure, performance indicator program, petroleum incentive program, position indication probe, precise instrument pointing, production injection packer, programmable in-line package, programmable interconnection pattern, programmed interconnection pattern8) Сельское хозяйство: Pesticide Initiative Programme9) Шутливое выражение: Pervy Insane Pornographer, Pointers In Person, Politically Incorrect Party, Pretty In Pink10) Анатомия: proximal interphalangeal11) Юридический термин: Partners In Prevention, Partners In Protection, Personal Interest Partners, Primary Intervention Program12) Торговля: Product Information Package, Информационная Страница о Продукции13) Бухгалтерия: Penalty Interest Payments, Price Interest Percentage, Purchasing Invoice Problem14) Страхование: personal injury protection15) Автомобильный термин: profile ignition pickup signal16) Биржевой термин: Periodic Investment Plan, Personal Interest Plan, Personal Investment Plan, Price Interest Point, price improvement period17) Грубое выражение: Pain In The Posterior, Pretentious Insane Pornographer18) Политика: Political Influence Point19) Телекоммуникации: Pre-Impulsing Pulse20) Сокращение: Pilot Indoctrination Programme, Platform Integration Pilot (UK), Precision Instrumentation Package, Pricing In Proportion (2006, postage fees increased for oversize items), Product Improvement Phase / Programme, Pulse Interval Processor, Peripheral Interchange Program, Programming In Pictures, project implementation process21) Театр: Project For Innovative Poetry22) Физиология: Personal Insulin Pump, Poly Implants Protheses, Present Illness Program, Proximal Interphalangeal Joint23) Электроника: Peak Input Power, Process-induced particles24) Вычислительная техника: Packet Interface Port, Paper Impact Printing, Personal Information Processor, picture-in-a-picture, procedure interrupt positive, сигнал позитивного прерывания процедуры, Picture In Picture (Video), Plug-In Protocol (ZOC)25) Литература: Past International President26) Нефть: production-injection packer, pump-in pressure, Программа стимулирования нефтяной промышленности (Канада, Petroleum Incentive Program), давление нагнетания (pump-in pressure), эксплуатационный нагнетательный пакер (production injection packer)27) Иммунология: Proximal Inter Phalanx28) Банковское дело: коммерческие бумаги с доходом, индексированным относительно курса доллара (performance indexed paper)29) Биотехнология: Инкорпорированные протектанты растений, Procollagen Type I C-peptide, protein interaction platform30) СМИ: Poetry In Progress31) Деловая лексика: People Improving Processes, Performance Improvement Program, Personal Interaction Panel, Pride In Performance, Process Improvement Project, Product Improvement Packages32) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: pipe-in-pipe, push-in pipe (joint)33) Образование: Parent Involvement Program, Parents In Partnership34) Инвестиции: performance indexed paper35) Сетевые технологии: Postel's Internet Protocol, Postels Internet Protocol, Programmable Interconnection Point36) Автоматика: probability information processing, product introduction process37) Сахалин Ю: process industry practices38) Химическое оружие: Process Improvement Plan, personal improvement program39) Расширение файла: Pattern and Information Processing, Picture In Picture, Problem Isolation Procedure, Programmable Interconnect Point40) Нефть и газ: система «труба в трубе», труба в трубе, pump intake pressure41) Печатные платы: pin-in-paste42) Общественная организация: Plant It Project43) Должность: Performance Improvement Plan, Performance Improvement Potential, Performance Incentive Points, Personal Information Processing44) Чат: Put In Place45) Аэропорты: Pilot Point, Alaska USA46) Программное обеспечение: Partner Interface Process47) Единицы измерений: Percent Identity Plot48) Зубная имплантология: pressure indicator paste, паста - индикатор давления -
16 pip
1) Общая лексика: public investment program2) Компьютерная техника: Plug In Panel, Presence Information Panel, Programmable In Put, Programmable Input Processor3) Медицина: Pharmaceutical Interface Product, Prescription Information Package, peak inspiratory pressure (пиковое давление на вдохе), Physician Information Pack4) Американизм: Partners In Parks, Peace Is Patriotic, People In Power, Permanent Inspection Point, Public Involvement Plan, Public Involvement Project5) Спорт: Player Incentive Program, Players In Progress6) Военный термин: Participant Instrumentation Package, Product Improvement Package, parallel image processing, precise installation position, predicted impact point, predicted intercept point, preliminary information pamphlet, probabilistic information processing, product improvement proposal, program integration plan, project implementation plan, project initiation period, projected impact point, Product Improvement Program (or Plan or Proposal), Мультивидеообработка7) Техника: Pool In Pool, payload integration plan, peak impact pressure, performance indicator program, petroleum incentive program, position indication probe, precise instrument pointing, production injection packer, programmable in-line package, programmable interconnection pattern, programmed interconnection pattern8) Сельское хозяйство: Pesticide Initiative Programme9) Шутливое выражение: Pervy Insane Pornographer, Pointers In Person, Politically Incorrect Party, Pretty In Pink10) Анатомия: proximal interphalangeal11) Юридический термин: Partners In Prevention, Partners In Protection, Personal Interest Partners, Primary Intervention Program12) Торговля: Product Information Package, Информационная Страница о Продукции13) Бухгалтерия: Penalty Interest Payments, Price Interest Percentage, Purchasing Invoice Problem14) Страхование: personal injury protection15) Автомобильный термин: profile ignition pickup signal16) Биржевой термин: Periodic Investment Plan, Personal Interest Plan, Personal Investment Plan, Price Interest Point, price improvement period17) Грубое выражение: Pain In The Posterior, Pretentious Insane Pornographer18) Политика: Political Influence Point19) Телекоммуникации: Pre-Impulsing Pulse20) Сокращение: Pilot Indoctrination Programme, Platform Integration Pilot (UK), Precision Instrumentation Package, Pricing In Proportion (2006, postage fees increased for oversize items), Product Improvement Phase / Programme, Pulse Interval Processor, Peripheral Interchange Program, Programming In Pictures, project implementation process21) Театр: Project For Innovative Poetry22) Физиология: Personal Insulin Pump, Poly Implants Protheses, Present Illness Program, Proximal Interphalangeal Joint23) Электроника: Peak Input Power, Process-induced particles24) Вычислительная техника: Packet Interface Port, Paper Impact Printing, Personal Information Processor, picture-in-a-picture, procedure interrupt positive, сигнал позитивного прерывания процедуры, Picture In Picture (Video), Plug-In Protocol (ZOC)25) Литература: Past International President26) Нефть: production-injection packer, pump-in pressure, Программа стимулирования нефтяной промышленности (Канада, Petroleum Incentive Program), давление нагнетания (pump-in pressure), эксплуатационный нагнетательный пакер (production injection packer)27) Иммунология: Proximal Inter Phalanx28) Банковское дело: коммерческие бумаги с доходом, индексированным относительно курса доллара (performance indexed paper)29) Биотехнология: Инкорпорированные протектанты растений, Procollagen Type I C-peptide, protein interaction platform30) СМИ: Poetry In Progress31) Деловая лексика: People Improving Processes, Performance Improvement Program, Personal Interaction Panel, Pride In Performance, Process Improvement Project, Product Improvement Packages32) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: pipe-in-pipe, push-in pipe (joint)33) Образование: Parent Involvement Program, Parents In Partnership34) Инвестиции: performance indexed paper35) Сетевые технологии: Postel's Internet Protocol, Postels Internet Protocol, Programmable Interconnection Point36) Автоматика: probability information processing, product introduction process37) Сахалин Ю: process industry practices38) Химическое оружие: Process Improvement Plan, personal improvement program39) Расширение файла: Pattern and Information Processing, Picture In Picture, Problem Isolation Procedure, Programmable Interconnect Point40) Нефть и газ: система «труба в трубе», труба в трубе, pump intake pressure41) Печатные платы: pin-in-paste42) Общественная организация: Plant It Project43) Должность: Performance Improvement Plan, Performance Improvement Potential, Performance Incentive Points, Personal Information Processing44) Чат: Put In Place45) Аэропорты: Pilot Point, Alaska USA46) Программное обеспечение: Partner Interface Process47) Единицы измерений: Percent Identity Plot48) Зубная имплантология: pressure indicator paste, паста - индикатор давления -
17 Portuguese Communist Party
(PCP)The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) has evolved from its early anarcho-syndicalist roots at its formation in 1921. This evolution included the undisciplined years of the 1920s, during which bolshevization began and continued into the 1930s, then through the years of clandestine existence during the Estado Novo, the Stalinization of the 1940s, the "anarcho-liberal shift" of the 1950s, the emergence of Maoist and Trotskyist splinter groups of the 1960s, to legalization after the Revolution of 25 April 1974 as the strongest and oldest political party in Portugal. Documents from the Russian archives have shown that the PCP's history is not a purely "domestic" one. While the PCP was born on its own without Soviet assistance, once it joined the Communist International (CI), it lost a significant amount of autonomy as CI officials increasingly meddled in PCP internal politics by dictating policy, manipulating leadership elections, and often financing party activities.Early Portuguese communism was a mix of communist ideological strands accustomed to a spirited internal debate, a lively external debate with its rivals, and a loose organizational structure. The PCP, during its early years, was weak in grassroots membership and was basically a party of "notables." It was predominantly a male organization, with minuscule female participation. It was also primarily an urban party concentrated in Lisbon. The PCP membership declined from 3,000 in 1923 to only 40 in 1928.In 1929, the party was reorganized so that it could survive clandestinely. As its activity progressed in the 1930s, a long period of instability dominated its leadership organs as a result of repression, imprisonments, and disorganization. The CI continued to intervene in party affairs through the 1930s, until the PCP was expelled from the CI in 1938-39, apparently because of its conduct during police arrests.The years of 1939-41 were difficult ones for the party, not only because of increased domestic repression but also because of internal party splits provoked by the Nazi-Soviet pact and other foreign actions. From 1940 to 1941, two Communist parties struggled to attract the support of the CI and accused each other of "revisionism." The CI was disbanded in 1943, and the PCP was not accepted back into the international communist family until its recognition by the Cominform in 1947.The reorganization of 1940-41 finally put the PCP under the firm control of orthodox communists who viewed socialism from a Soviet perspective. Although Soviet support was denied the newly reorganized party at first, the new leaders continued its Stalinization. The enforcement of "democratic centralism" and insistence upon the "dictatorship of the proletariat" became entrenched. The 1940s brought increased growth, as the party reached its membership apex of the clandestine era with 1,200 members in 1943, approximately 4,800 in 1946, and 7,000 in 1947.The party fell on hard times in the 1950s. It developed a bad case of paranoia, which led to a witch hunt for infiltrators, informers, and spies in all ranks of the party. The lower membership figures who followed the united antifascist period were reduced further through expulsions of the "traitors." By 1951, the party had been reduced to only 1,000 members. It became a closed, sectarian, suspicious, and paranoiac organization, with diminished strength in almost every region, except in the Alentejo, where the party, through propaganda and ideology more than organizational strength, was able to mobilize strikes of landless peasants in the early 1950s.On 3 January 1960, Álvaro Cunhal and nine other political prisoners made a spectacular escape from the Peniche prison and fled the country. Soon after this escape, Cunhal was elected secretary-general and, with other top leaders, directed the PCP from exile. Trotskyite and Maoist fractions emerged within the party in the 1960s, strengthened by the ideological developments in the international communist movement, such as in China and Cuba. The PCP would not tolerate dissent or leftism and began purging the extreme left fractions.The PCP intensified its control of the labor movement after the more liberal syndical election regulations under Prime Minister Mar- cello Caetano allowed communists to run for leadership positions in the corporative unions. By 1973, there was general unrest in the labor movement due to deteriorating economic conditions brought on by the colonial wars, as well as by world economic pressures including the Arab oil boycott.After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the PCP enjoyed a unique position: it was the only party to have survived the Estado Novo. It emerged from clandestinity as the best organized political party in Portugal with a leadership hardened by years in jail. Since then, despite the party's stubborn orthodoxy, it has consistently played an important role as a moderating force. As even the Socialist Party (PS) was swept up by the neoliberal tidal wave, albeit a more compassionate variant, increasingly the PCP has played a crucial role in ensuring that interests and perspectives of the traditional Left are aired.One of the most consistent planks of the PCP electoral platform has been opposition to every stage of European integration. The party has regularly resisted Portuguese membership in the European Economic Community (EEC) and, following membership beginning in 1986, the party has regularly resisted further integration through the European Union (EU). A major argument has been that EU membership would not resolve Portugal's chronic economic problems but would only increase its dependence on the world. Ever since, the PCP has argued that its opposition to membership was correct and that further involvement with the EU would only result in further economic dependence and a consequent loss of Portuguese national sovereignty. Further, the party maintained that as Portugal's ties with the EU increased, the vulnerable agrarian sector in Portugal would risk further losses.Changes in PCP leadership may or may not alter the party's electoral position and role in the political system. As younger generations forget the uniqueness of the party's resistance to the Estado Novo, public images of PCP leadership will change. As the image of Álvaro Cunhal and other historical communist leaders slowly recedes, and the stature of Carlos Carvalhas (general secretary since 1992) and other moderate leaders is enhanced, the party's survival and legitimacy have strengthened. On 6 March 2001, the PCP celebrated its 80th anniversary.See also Left Bloc.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Portuguese Communist Party
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18 Carvalho, Otelo Saraiva de
(1934-)Army major who planned and managed the military operational aspects of the military coup that overthrew the Estado Novo. A career army officer who entered his profession in the 1950s, he held important positions in several of the colonial wars in Portugal's African territories during 1961-74. Saraiva de Carvalho was born in Mozambique in 1934, and made it his life's ambition to become a stage actor. In his career, he was influenced by service with Portugal's most senior army officer, General Antônio de Spínola, who served the Estado Novo both as commissioner and commanding general of armed forces in the colony of Guinea- Bissau. Contact with African nationalist elements, as well as familiarity with increasi ngly available Marxist-Leninist literature both in Africa and in Portugal, transformed Saraiva de Carvalho into a maverick and revolutionary who sought to overthrow the Portuguese dictatorship at home by means of military intervention in politics through the Revolution of 25 April 1974.Known as "Otelo" (Othello) in the media and to much of the Portuguese public, Saraiva de Carvalho played a significant role in the period of 25 April 1974-25 November 1975, when the country experienced a leftist revolution and a trend toward a dictatorship of the Left. Eventually the head of COPCON, the Armed Forces Movement's special unit for enforcing "law and order" and for ensuring that the government was not overthrown by military insur-rectionism, Saraiva de Carvalho became a political personality in his own right. This somberly handsome figure became the darling of the radical Left, including anarchist factions.With the swing of the political pendulum away from the radical Left after the abortive leftist coup of 25 November 1975, Carvalho's military career was ended and his role in politics shifted. He was dismissed from the COPCON command, arrested, and held in prison for a period. After his release, he entered the political wilderness, unhappy that the unorthodox Marxist-Leninist revolution he envisioned for Portugal, was not happening. Still carrying the torch for the notion of a "Socialist paradise" in which the state would play only a small role, the hero of the Revolution of 25 April 1974 reentered politics and ran for president of the republic on two occasions. In 1976, he received a respectable 16 percent of the vote, but in the 1981 elections his vote was negligible. Accused of involvement in several terrorist factions' conspiracies and violence, Carvalho was arrested and imprisoned. After a long and sensational trial, "Otelo" was released and acquitted. Of all the memoirs of the 1974 Revolution, Alvorada em Abril (Reveille in April), his contribution, was the most charming and revealing.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Carvalho, Otelo Saraiva de
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19 denial
[dɪ'naɪəl]nome (of accusation, rumour) smentita f.; (of guilt) diniego m.; (of doctrine) ripudio m.; (of request) rifiuto m.* * ** * *denial /dɪˈnaɪəl/n.1 [uc] diniego ( anche leg.); smentita: a strong denial, una smentita recisa; a denial that anything illegal had occurred, una smentita di eventuali azioni illecite; a categorical denial, una smentita categorica; a vehement denial, una violenta negazione2 [u] negazione ( anche psic.); rinnegamento: the denial of one's faith, il rinnegamento della propria fede; Holocaust denial, negazione dell'Olocausto; Peter's denial of Christ, il rinnegamento di Cristo da parte di Pietro3 [u] negazione; rifiuto: a flat denial, un netto rifiuto; to issue an official denial, emettere un rifiuto ufficiale; the denial of basic political freedoms, la negazione delle libertà politiche fondamentali4 [u] (= self-denial) abnegazione; (spirito di) rinuncia: a life of denial and hardship, una vita di rinunce e stenti● (psic.) to be in denial, negare la realtà: He's in denial about the situation, nega la realtà della situazione □ (comput.) denial of service attack, attacco Denial of Service ( attacco a sistemi o reti che impedisce l'uso di un servizio).* * *[dɪ'naɪəl]nome (of accusation, rumour) smentita f.; (of guilt) diniego m.; (of doctrine) ripudio m.; (of request) rifiuto m. -
20 liberation theology
1) Религия: богословие освобождения, (In late 20th-century Roman Catholicism, a movement centred in Latin America that sought to apply religious faith by aiding the poor and oppressed through involvement in political and civic affairs) теология освобождения2) Христианство: теология освобождения
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